COPD

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COPD Key Facts

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition that makes it harder to breathe because of permanent damage to the lungs, which is usually caused by smoking.
  • COPD includes 2 diseases: chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
  • Symptoms of COPD includes coughing up mucus, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

If these symptoms sounds familiar, you may be right for a chinical trial studying investigational medicines for COPD.

COPD Treatment Key Facts

COPD may be treated with different type of inhaled medicines:

-Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs)
-Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs)
-Short-acting muscarinic antagonists
-Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs)
-Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)

Some of the medicines may be used alone and some may be combined with other medicines.

Clinical Trials Key Facts

  • A clinical trial is a carefully controlled research study of whether an investigational medication works and if it is safe.
  • The clinical trial will examine the safety and efficacy of several investigation study medications on lungs functions (breathing) in patients with moderate to severe COPD.
  • The investigational medications includes a LABA, and a combination of a LABA and an ICS.

Hives come in a number of  forms

Chronic Urticaria

Chronic hives are long-term outbreaks that aren't always linked to a specific cause. This disorder, also known as chronic urticaria, is characterized by recurring rashes that might disrupt our daily routine. If we have swellings that don't go entirely after six weeks, we may have persistent hives. This type of hives is not life-threatening, but it can be difficult and painful to cure.

Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal allergic response. Urticaria  are frequently associated by respiratory problems, nausea or puking, extreme swelling, and disorientation with this illness. If anyone anticipate anaphylaxis, they need to visit an emergency center immediately or call 911.

Dermatographism

Acute hives of this type are regarded moderate. It is caused by excessive scratching or constant pressure on the skin. Without therapy, dermatographism normally clears up in a short amount of time.

Reactions to Allergens

Allergic responses are the most prevalent cause of urticaria. Any allergen to which we are allergic might induce such symptoms.

What Causes Urticaria

Urticaria is accompanied by the production of excessive quantities of histamine and other chemical messengers in the skin as a result of a stimulus. The blood vessels in the afflicted region of skin expand up and become leaky as a result of these chemicals.

Bacterial infections

The link between urticaria and infectious illnesses has been debated for more than a century. The body becomes enthralled by the prospect of combating the infection and causes histamine cells to produce histamine. The hives may appear whereas the condition is raging, or they may appear quickly after the illness has ended.  Streptococcus, Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Brucella, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Borrelia, Mycobacterium leprae, Chlamydia pneumonia, and Yersinia enterocolitica are only a few of the bacteria that have been linked to urticaria.

Allergens

Hives can be triggered by allergens such as pollen, drugs, food, animal dander, and insect bites. When a person has an allergic response, histamine is released by the body. Capillaries, which are microscopic blood arteries, then release fluid. This fluid builds up in the skin, resulting in irritation and a rash. Small lumps grow when fluid gathers beneath the skin.

If a person consumes or comes into contact with anything they are allergic to, they may experience a response.

Working out

Although an increase in body heat is commonly assumed to be the cause of hives produced by exercise, perspiration is what truly causes urticaria when you work out. If we feel this is one of the triggers, we have to consult with a doctor; he or she may prescribe administering an antihistamine just before we exercise to prevent future flare-up.

Preservatives and artificial colors

Some food products, such as artificial colors, flavor enhancer compounds, and preservatives, might cause urticaria. Food intolerance that causes urticaria are more difficult to evaluate than traditional food allergies since the underlying cause is distinct.

Stress

Stress has been linked to a variety of medical and mental problems, including chronic idiopathic urticaria, according to research. Chronic urticaria sufferers have been observed to have greater levels of stress in various investigations. Urticaria and post-traumatic anxiety have also been linked by researchers.

Cold temperatures

Some people may get a flare-up as a result of the cold. Other cold-related stimuli includes icy meals and swimming pools, in addition to the climate. Full-body absorption in a swimming pool, in instance, can cause a severe reactions that includes not just urticarias but even allergic reaction in persons who are sensitive to the cold.

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